How to Tell Valence Electrons on Periodic Table
Count the electrons in the outermost shell of the atom; for elements in the same group, they'll have the same number of valence electrons!
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Just look at the group (column) number for elements in groups 1, 2, and 13-18. For example, elements in group 1 have 1 valence electron, group 2 has 2, and so on up to group 18 which has 8 (except Helium, which has 2).
Easy peasy. For the main group elements (1-2, 13-18), the group number usually equals the number of valence electrons. So, calcium in group 2? Yup, 2 valence electrons.
Honestly, just memorize the group numbers for the main groups (1-2, 13-18) and you'll get it down. Groups 3-12 are a bit trickier, so tread carefully there!
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